Hawai’i Island — The second episode of Kīlauea’s summit eruption came to an abrupt pause just before 11:00 a.m. on Christmas Day, marking the second major pause in volcanic activity in less than a week.

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that vigorous lava fountaining from vents in the southwest corner of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater suddenly ceased within minutes. Lava began retreating into the vent as summit tiltmeters recorded a transition from deflation to inflation, signaling changes in the volcano’s internal pressure. Seismic tremor also decreased significantly at the same time, indicating a temporary lull in activity.

This second eruptive episode lasted just over 24 hours, approximately twice as long as the first episode earlier in the week, which paused on Monday afternoon. According to HVO scientists, similar short-term pauses have occurred in previous eruptions, with activity resuming days or even weeks later as the summit repressurizes.

“There is a high probability that this eruption will resume if summit conditions change in the coming days,” the HVO stated in its status report.

Ongoing Monitoring and Visitor Guidance

HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea’s activity and remains in communication with Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai’i County Civil Defense Agency. While all volcanic activity remains confined to the park’s closed areas, the eruption has been a draw for spectators eager to witness nature’s raw power. Visitors are urged to check the park’s website for the latest updates and safety guidelines.

The current Volcano Alert Level remains at WATCH, with an Aviation Color Code of ORANGE, signifying heightened activity with limited immediate threats. No changes have been detected in Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.

Looking Ahead

Kīlauea’s summit eruptions have varied greatly in duration over the years, ranging from a few days to several weeks. As HVO continues its 24/7 surveillance, scientists are keeping a close eye on summit tiltmeters and seismic data for signs of resurgent activity.

For those unable to visit the site, a livestream of the crater is available at the U.S. Geological Survey’s YouTube channel, offering real-time views of one of Earth’s most active volcanoes.

For additional information about volcano alert levels and safety measures, visit the USGS website.